![]() Byrnes also successfully obtained a confession from gang leader Mike McGloin, who was convicted and executed for the murder of a tavern-owner during a robbery. He was convicted despite the evidence against him being doubtful, but pardoned eleven years later. ![]() Amid mammoth publicity, Byrnes accused an Algerian, Ameer Ben Ali (nicknamed Frenchy) of the crime. In 1891, three years after publicly criticizing London police officials on the way they handled the Jack the Ripper investigations, Byrnes was faced with a similar crime in New York. Riis called him an unscrupulous "big policeman" and a veritable giant in his time. Riis, who as police reporter for the New York Sun knew Byrnes well, declared that he was "a great actor", and hence a great detective. Byrnes's techniques were popularized in a series of novels by his friend Julian Hawthorne, son of novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne, including The Great Bank Robbery, An American Penman, and A Tragic Mystery in 1887 and Section 558 and Another's Crime in 1888. ![]() ![]() ![]() From the descriptions, the third degree as practiced by Byrnes was a combination of physical and psychological torture. An example of the jurisdiction Byrnes was tasked with policing.īyrnes was one of the people who popularized the third degree due to his brutal questioning of suspected criminals. Bandit's Roost, a Mulberry Street back alley, photographed by Jacob Riis in 1888. ![]()
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